GREETINGS

Greeting adalah suatu salam atau sambutan yang biasanya digunakan untuk menyapa dalam bahasa inggrisnya SOMETHING THAT YOU SAY OR DO TO GREET

How Do you greet other people ?

- Good Morning/Afternoon/Evening
- Hello, Ewo
- Hello, Agnes
- How are you?
- How’s everything with you?
- How’s life ?
- How are you getting along ?
- How are you doing ?
- Fine, thanks
- Pretty good, thanks
- I’m well, thanks
- Not bad, thanks. And you?

How do you introduce yourself ?

Let me introduce my self, my name is Toni
Hello, I’m Fahri
Hi, I’m Ron Reonaldo. You can call me Ron.
Hello, my name is Adit Nugraha

How do you introduce other people ?

- I would like to introduce Putri Gina
- I would like you to meet Grace
- Excuse me, let me introduce you a new friend. His name is Agus Rahman

How do you close or end conversation ?

- Well, I should be going now. See you!
- I’m sorry, but I have to go now. It’s been nice talking with you. See you later
- Well, I must be off now. I’ll talk to you later!

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GAINING ATTENTION

Gaining attention is a way or expression that is spoken so that other people will pay their attention to what we want to.

Example expressions of gaining attention :
- Attention, please
- May I have your attention, please?
- Excuse me, look here!
- Listening to me, please
- Waiter?
- I’m sorry, but…
- Wow really?

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PERFECT TENSE

Present Perfect Tense is used for describing a past action’s effect on the present: He has arrived. Now he is here. This holds true for events that have just been secluded as well as for events that have not yet occurred.

Present perfect is formed by combining have/has with the main verb’s past participle form:
I have arrived. A negation is produced by inserting not after have/has:
I have not arrived.Questions in present perfect are formulated by starting a sentence with have/has:
Has she arrived?

Past Perfect Tense is a kind of tense that is used to describe an action or an event that started in a certain time in the past and completed or finished till certain time in the past too; or past perfect tense is used to express an action or an event that had happened before the other event or action happened

The pattern :
(+) Subject + had+verb III+cmplement
(-) Subject + had not+ver III+complement
(?) Had + subject +verb III+complement

Example :
(+) We had eaten before they came
(-) They had not eaten before we came
(?) Had they eaten before we came?

Adverbs used :
from 1998 to 1999, once, twice, etc.

This under text from : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Future_perfect_tense

Future Perfect Tense is used to describe an event that has not yet happened but is expected or planned to happen before another stated occurrence.

The pattern :
subject + shall or will have + past participle of verb

Example :
I shall have gone to the store by the time you come

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Advertisement is information for persuading and motivate a people so that it will attracted to service and things that are offered.

Function of advertisement are :

Promotion
Communication
Information

In making an advertisement, keep this following points :

# Languages of Advertisement :

Using the correct or suitable word.
Using the interesting expression and suggestion.
Using positive connotations.
Text of advertisement should directly to the goals.

# Advertisement Content :

Objective and honest
Brief and clear
Don’t to allude group and to other producer.
Attractive attention

# Kinds of advertisement :

Family Advertisement
Invitation Advertisement
Sponsored Advertisement
Advertisement that praises goods which is advertised
Requested Advertisement
News Advertisement
Announcement Advertisement
Article Advertisement

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RECOUNT TEXT

Text recount bercerita tentang sebuah fakta atau kejadian nyata dan hanya menceritakan sesuai urutan peistiwa/kronologi. Biasanya lebih fokus kepada pengalaman penulisnya sehingga sering menggunakan subjek "I" dan "we".

Language Features:
>> Recounts are written in the past tense
>> The conectivites in a recount are often: next, then, after that.

Generic Structure of Recount Text:

Orientation :provide the setting and introduces partisipants.
series of events : tell what happened, in squence.
Re-orientation : closure of event

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INVITATION

Invitation is a way to ask some one to go to an event or a place or to do something.The function of invitation is to ask some one to go to a place or to do something.We usually use the “invitation” in our daily life, for example if we want to hold an event like a birthday party . We use the invitaion and if we want some one to do something , like if we want our friend to help us.We use the invitation too.

There are 2 types of Invitation:

Invitation Formal

- Formal Invitation is the official invitation usually written reply came from such institutions and companies etc.

Invitation Informal

- Informal invitation is not an official invitation written / oral and this invitation is usually given to friends, family and others

Offerins invitation
->Would you like to come to the restaurant this evening?
->Will you join us?
->Would you care to have dinner with us tonight?
->Could you come to a party at my place tomorrow?
->I wander whether you would care to come on a picnic with us next week?

Accepting invitation
->Yes,I'd love very much.
->Thank you.
->Yes,with pleasure.

Reffusing
->If you don't mind,i'd rather not.
->Thank you,i'm busy,may be next time.
->I have got another appointment.
->I'm sorry.
->I've lost to work to do.

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PROCEDURE

Procedure text is a text that is designed to describe how something is achieved through a sequence of actions or steps. It explains how people perform different processes in a sequence of steps. This text uses simple present tense, often imperative sentences. It also uses the temporal conjunction such as first, second, then, next, finally, etc.

The generic structures of procedure text are :
-Goal/aim ( or title)
-Materials (not required for all procedural texts)
-Steps (the actions that must be taken)

My example :

How To Make A Sandwich :
You need (materials) :
-2 slices of bread
-peanut butter
-a banana
-honey
What you should do are : (steps) :
-Take two slices of bread
-Spread peanut butter
-Cut up a banana onto small slices and put them on one of the slices
-Pour some honey over the bananas
-Put the other slice of bread on top

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PAST TENSE

1.Simple past is used for describing acts that have already been concluded and whose exact time of occurrence is known. Furthermore, simple past is used for retelling successive events. That is why it is commonly used in storytelling.

Simple past is formed for regular verbs by adding –ed to the root of a word. Example: He walked to the store. A negation is produced by adding did not and the verb in its infinitive form. Example: He did not walk to the store. Question sentences are started with did as in Did he walk to the store?

The pattern :

(+)Subject + verb II + complement

(-)Subject + did not + verb II + complement

(?)Did + subject + verb I

The examples :

(+)I went to surabaya last night

(-)I did not go anywhere yesteray

(?)Did you go last month?

Adverbs used : yesterday, last night, last week, two days ago, a few minutes ago, last weekend, last month, last year, in 1984, etc.

2.Past Continuous Tense is a kind of tense that is used to describe an event or an action which was happening in a certain time in the past.

The pattern :

(+)Subject + was/were +verb-ing+ complement

(-)Subject + was not/were not+verb-ing+ complement

(?)was/were+ subject + verb-ing+complement

The examples :

(+)He was writing a letter at eight o’clock last night

(-)He was not writing a letter at seven o’clock last night

(?)Were you writing a letter at eight last night?

Adverbs used : at the time like this yesterday, at seven o’clock last night, etc.

3.Past Perfect Tense is a kind of tense that is used to describe an action or an event that started in a certain time in the past and completed or finished till certain time in the past too; or past perfect tense is used to express an action or an event that had happened before the other event or action happened.

The pattern :

(+)Subject + had+verb III+cmplement

(-)Subject + had not+ver III+complement

(?)Had + subject +verb III+complement

The examples :

(+)We had eaten before they came

(-)They had not eaten before we came

(?)Had they eaten before we came?

Adverbs used : from 1998 to 1999, once, twice, etc.

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Symphaty Expression

Sympathy expression is an expression or feeling of pity and sorrow when we know and see someone or people are unlucky or have trouble and in bad condition. By expressing sympathy we want to show our concern or carefulness on other people’s condition.

How can we give sympathy expression to someone?

We express it directly to him/her orally or we can use a letter or card by post also by short message service (SMS), e-mail, television, radio, and newspaper if he/she who got the trouble is far from us.

Example expressions of sympathy :

I’d like to express my deepest condolences.

I’m sorry to hear that.

I’m awfully sorry about....

Oh, how awful!

Oh, dear!

You must be very upset.

Oh, what a shame.

How pity you are!

How terrible / awful for you.

Example of dialogue that expresses sympathy in a certain situation :

Anthony : You know what? Adit has lost his handphone.

Fredy : Oh, I’m sorry to hear that

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GREETINGS

GAINING ATTENTION

PERFECT TENSE

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RECOUNT TEXT

INVITATION

PROCEDURE

PAST TENSE

Symphaty Expression

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